By Manu Sharma
Unlike the developed nations, in India every 1
in 1172 babies is effected with congenital hypothyroidism. Endocrinologists insist on compulsory newborn screening suggesting that the Government of Karnataka to make Amendment in the Healthcare Act so its mandatory for screening both in the government and private hospitals.
Infact, 2008 Goa become the first state to have made this act
mandatory and the panel of endocrinologists in Bengaluru want Karnataka to
become the second state to amend this act.
Our country is slowly emerging as a world
leader in medical advancements. India is now a major provider of health
services and we have some of the most highly skilled and qualified medical
providers in the world. However, quality healthcare and lack of national care
has produced severe health issues throughout the nation. One such major health
concern is that of ‘Congenital
Hypothyroidism’ (CH) which affects numerous newborns in India.
To get discussions rolling, Dr Mala Dharmalingam (Professor
and Head of Department, MS Ramaiah Medical College), Dr Anjana Hulse, (Consultant Pediatric
Endocrinologist, Apollo Hospitals), Dr Praveen Ramachandra, (Director – Endocrinologist, Diaplus
Clinic, Yelahanka Newtown) and Dr
Nishita Rao, (Specialist in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lakshmi
Maternity & Surgical Centre) came together to evaluate associated risks and
minimize possible threats for Congenital Hypothyroidism by early intervention.
Highlighting the current situation in
Bangalore, Dr Mala Dharmalingam,
(Professor and Head of Department, MS Ramaiah Medical College) said, “Thyroid
hormone plays an important role in development of the brain and other functions
of the body like metabolism, growth and development and deficiency of this
causes Congenital Hypothyroidism. All newborns should definitely be screened
for CH at birth. If not screened, diagnosed and treated in appropriate time; it
can lead to mental retardation. Once a baby is diagnosed with CH, the baby is
started on thyroid hormone replacement. Today, though the levels of awareness
remain low in general, we have seen a considerable increase in number of babies
being screened since most gynecologists are now recommending screening at
birth.”
Most newborns with Congenital Hypothyroidism
appear normal at birth, even if there is complete lack of development of the
thyroid gland. This is because a small amount of thyroid hormone (T4) from the
mother is transferred to the baby during pregnancy. Around 10 per cent of infants with
Congenital Hypothyroidism have other associated abnormalities; most commonly
witnessed are cardiac abnormalities followed by abnormalities of the nervous
system and eyes.
Stressing on the importance of timely
identification and treatment, Dr
Anjana Hulse(Consultant Pediatric Endocrinologist, Apollo Hospitals),
stated, “In most cases of Congenital Hypothyroidism, children do not have
evident symptoms and they appear to be physically normal and therefore
difficult to detect. There is a need to have a legislation which mandates
universal screening programmes. The treatment is simple and cost effective.
Levothyroxine given orally everyday is the treatment of choice. No baby should
be left to suffer the circumstances because he/she was undiagnosed.”
Highlighting the precautionary measures
expecting mothers should take, Dr
Nishita Rao, (Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lakshmi
Maternity and Surgical Centre), said, “The birth of their baby is probably
one of the most memorable moments in a parent’s life. In order to keep the
newborn safe from any complications, screening is extremely important.What is
most important is for expecting mothers to be more aware and keep thyroid
levels under a constant check. Early detection and supplementation of thyroid
hormone is easy, inexpensive and effective. Small and simple preventive
measures can reduce large number of complications.”
On a concluding note, Dr Praveen Ramachandra, (Director
– Endocrinologist, Diaplus Clinic, Yelahanka Newtown),“Of all endocrine
disorders that a child can be born with, CH, is not only one of the most
common, but also the most detrimental if not detected in time. If every new
born is screened; no child will suffer from disastrous effects of Congenital
Hypothyroidism.”